Political Overview

Oman is a sultanate ruled by Sultan Haitham bin Tariq Al Said since January 11, 2020. The capital, Muscat, serves as the nation’s political and administrative hub, housing the Majlis al-Shura (Consultative Council) and the Council of State. Oman’s foreign policy emphasizes neutrality and mediation, allowing it to act as a diplomatic interlocutor in regional disputes. The government has pursued gradual economic diversification under its Vision 2040 plan, aiming to reduce reliance on oil revenues by boosting sectors such as tourism, logistics, and manufacturing.

Cultural Heritage and Identity

Oman’s cultural identity is rooted in its long maritime history and Bedouin traditions. The country is globally recognized for its production of frankincense, a resin once more valuable than gold, which has been harvested in the southern region of Dhofar for over 5,000 years and is listed as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Traditional crafts such as silver jewelry, khanjar (curved dagger) making, and weaving of the colorful Omani rugs continue to thrive alongside festivals like the Muscat Festival, showcasing music, dance, and the famed Omani hospitality.

Geographical Landscape, Area, and Climate

Covering an area of about 309,500 km², Oman features a diverse topography ranging from the rugged Al Hajar Mountains in the north home to Jebel Akhdar (“Green Mountain”) to the vast dunes of the Sharqiya Sands (Wahiba Sands) in the east, and the monsoon-influenced Dhofar region around Salalah in the south. The climate is predominantly hot and arid, with coastal plains along the Arabian Sea experiencing high humidity, while the highlands enjoy milder temperatures and occasional winter rainfall. These varied landscapes make Oman a standout tourist destination, drawing visitors to its wadis, wadis, forts, and pristine coastlines for both adventure and cultural experiences.