Political Overview
Cuba, with its capital in Havana, is a socialist republic governed by the Communist Party of Cuba as the sole legal party. Since the revolution of 1959, power has centered on a single leadership structure, first under Fidel Castro and today under President Miguel Díaz‑Canel. The nation is divided into 15 provinces and one special municipality (Isla de la Juventud), each overseen by provincial assemblies that coordinate local implementation of national policies. Internationally, Cuba is recognized for its long-standing commitment to universal healthcare and education, as well as its pivotal role in Cold War geopolitics and ongoing efforts in medical diplomacy.
Cultural Heritage and Identity
Cuba’s vibrant cultural identity is a rich tapestry woven from Spanish colonial, African, and indigenous influences. Havana’s historic center, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, exemplifies colonial baroque and neoclassical architecture, while music and dance from son and salsa to rumba and Afro‑Cuban jazz resonate nationwide. The island’s literary tradition, led by figures such as José Martí and Nicolás Guillén, underscores a deep passion for poetry and political thought. Globally, Cuba is celebrated for its premium hand‑rolled cigars, its spirited carnival traditions in Santiago de Cuba, and its influential contributions to world music.
Geographical Landscape, Area and Climate
Spanning approximately 110,860 square kilometers, Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean, stretching over 1,200 kilometers from west to east. Its terrain features flat plains in the central region and rugged mountains such as the Sierra Maestra in the southeast, home to Pico Turquino, the island’s highest peak. The tropical climate brings a wet season from May to October and a drier period from November to April, with temperatures averaging 21–27 °C. Tourism thrives along the pristine beaches of Varadero, Cayo Coco, and Guardalavaca, while eco‑tourists flock to national parks like Viñales Valley. Cuba’s well‑developed resort infrastructure and rich natural beauty make it one of the Caribbean’s premier travel destinations.
