Political Overview

Albania is a parliamentary republic where executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers, while the President serves as the largely ceremonial head of state. Since the fall of communism in 1991, the country has undergone a transition toward democratic governance, holding regular multiparty elections and pursuing membership in Euro-Atlantic institutions. In recent years, Albania has made significant progress in judicial reform and anti-corruption measures key criteria for its candidacy status in the European Union though challenges remain in fully implementing EU standards. The Albanian Parliament (Kuvendi) is unicameral, consisting of 140 members elected for four-year terms, reflecting a political landscape dominated by the Socialist Party and the Democratic Party.

Cultural Heritage and Identity

Albania’s cultural identity is deeply rooted in its Illyrian ancestry, with influences from Byzantine, Ottoman, and Mediterranean civilizations evident in art, music, and traditions. The UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Butrint, Gjirokastër, and Berat showcase well-preserved Ottoman architecture and ancient ruins, embodying the country’s layered history. Albanian folk music, especially the iso-polyphony recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage, and traditional dances such as the “Vallja e Deçanit” express strong communal bonds. Religious tolerance is another hallmark: Muslims, Orthodox Christians, and Catholics have coexisted harmoniously for centuries, fostering a pluralistic society reflected in national festivals and customs.

Geographical Landscape, Area, and Climate

Situated on the Balkan Peninsula, Albania spans approximately 28,748 square kilometers, bordered by Montenegro to the north, Kosovo to the northeast, North Macedonia to the east, and Greece to the south, with a western coastline along the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. The terrain is predominantly mountainous over 70% of the country sits above 500 meters featuring the rugged Albanian Alps in the north and the centrally located Korab range. Coastal plains and lagoons stretch in the west, offering fertile soils and popular beach resorts. Albania experiences a Mediterranean climate along its coast hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters while the interior highlands endure colder winters with substantial snowfall, making it a destination for both seaside and mountain tourism.