Political Overview
Cambodia is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system, officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia. The head of state is the King, a largely ceremonial role, while executive power lies with the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers. Since the early 1990s, the Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) has dominated politics, maintaining a strong majority in the National Assembly. Although democratic institutions such as regular elections, a multiparty legislature, and an independent judiciary exist on paper, in practice the CPP’s control over media outlets and civil society has led to a highly centralized political environment.

Cultural Heritage and Identity
Cambodia’s rich cultural heritage is most famously embodied in the ancient temple complex of Angkor Wat, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a potent symbol of national pride. The Khmer civilization, which flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries, left an indelible mark through its art, architecture, and inscriptions. Traditional dance, music, and crafts such as the graceful Apsara dance, the haunting melodies of the roneat (xylophone), and intricate silk weaving remain vital expressions of Khmer identity. The Khmer language, written in its own script, binds the nation together, while the majority practice Theravada Buddhism, which influences festivals, daily rituals, and community life.

Geographical Landscape, Area, and Climate
Covering approximately 181,035 square kilometers, Cambodia is situated in Southeast Asia, bordered by Thailand to the west and northwest, Laos to the north, Vietnam to the east and southeast, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. The terrain is dominated by the low-lying central plains of the Mekong River and the Tonle Sap Lake, with mountainous regions rising in the southwest (Cardamom Mountains) and northeast (Dângrêk Mountains). Cambodia experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by a rainy season from May to October when the southwest monsoon brings heavy rains and a dry season from November to April, tempered by the northeast monsoon. Average temperatures range from 21 °C to 35 °C, with humidity levels often exceeding 80% during the wet months.