Political Overview
South Korea is a democratic republic with a vibrant multi-party system and a strong emphasis on civil liberties and political participation. Since the establishment of the Sixth Republic in 1987, the country has experienced peaceful transfers of power through free and fair elections. Executive power is vested in the President, who serves a single five-year term and acts as both head of state and commander-in-chief. The unicameral National Assembly holds legislative authority, enacting laws and overseeing government policy. Judicial independence is maintained by the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court, ensuring checks and balances in governance and safeguarding citizens’ rights.
Cultural Heritage and Identity
Korean culture is rooted in over five millennia of history, blending indigenous traditions with influences from China, Japan, and the wider world. Confucian values such as respect for elders, education, and community harmony continue to shape social norms and family structures. The Korean language (Hangul), created in the 15th century by King Sejong, is a source of national pride for its scientific design and accessibility. Traditional arts like pansori (narrative singing), hanbok (traditional dress), and hanok (traditional architecture) coexist with contemporary phenomena such as K-pop, Korean cinema, and modern art, all of which have sparked a global “Korean Wave” that underscores South Korea’s dynamic cultural identity.
Geographical Landscape, Area, and Climate
Occupying the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula, South Korea spans approximately 100,210 square kilometers, making it slightly larger than Portugal. Its terrain is predominantly mountainous, with the Taebaek and Sobaek ranges running north to south, interspersed with narrow coastal plains and river valleys that support agriculture. The climate is temperate, characterized by four distinct seasons: cold, dry winters with occasional snowfall hot, humid summers brought by the East Asian monsoon; and mild spring and autumn seasons marked by clear skies and vibrant foliage. Coastal regions enjoy milder temperatures year-round, while inland areas, particularly in the mountains, can experience greater extremes in temperature and precipitation.
