Political Overview
Antigua and Barbuda is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth, with St. John’s serving as its capital and administrative center. The nation gained full independence from the United Kingdom on November 1, 1981, and has maintained a stable two-party system dominated by the Antigua Labour Party (ALP) and the United Progressive Party (UPP). Tourism accounts for more than half of the country’s GDP, making destinations such as Dickenson Bay on Antigua’s northwest coast vital economic drivers. Internationally, Antigua and Barbuda is recognized for its longstanding commitment to democratic governance and its role as a founding member of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) and the Caribbean Community (CARICOM).
Cultural Heritage and Identity
The cultural tapestry of Antigua and Barbuda weaves together African, British, and indigenous Carib influences, celebrated annually during Carnival each summer. Music genres like calypso and steelpan underscore the islands’ vibrant spirit, while traditional dishes such as pepperpot stew and fungie highlight local ingredients. A prime tourism area is Nelson’s Dockyard in English Harbour, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that showcases 18th‑century naval architecture and hosts the annual Antigua Sailing Week. The nation is globally recognized for its warm hospitality and as the “Birthplace of Carnival,” drawing visitors eager to experience its colorful parades and fetes.
Geographical Landscape, Area and Climate
Spanning approximately 442 square kilometers, Antigua and Barbuda consists of two major inhabited islands Antigua and Barbuda and several smaller islets. The terrain is largely flat with rolling hills, while Barbuda features the famous Frigate Bird Sanctuary amidst its pink-sand beaches. The climate is tropical maritime, with a dry season from January to April and a wetter season from May to December, moderated by northeast trade winds. Tourism hotspots such as Half Moon Bay and Darkwood Beach leverage this year‑round sunshine, and the country is renowned worldwide for boasting 365 beaches, one for each day of the year.
