Political Overview
Zambia is a presidential republic governed under a multi-party democracy, where the President serves as both head of state and government. Since its independence on October 24, 1964, the nation has held regular elections, with power peacefully transferred between parties a hallmark of its political stability. The current constitution (revised in 2016) enshrines separation of powers among the executive, legislature and judiciary, and guarantees fundamental freedoms, including freedom of expression and assembly.
Cultural Heritage and Identity
Zambia’s rich tapestry of cultures is woven from over 70 ethnic groups, among which the Bemba, Tonga, Lozi and Chewa are prominent. Although English is the official language, a variety of Bantu languages flourish in daily life, reflecting deep community ties. Traditional ceremonies such as the Kuomboka of the Lozi people and the Nc’wala festival of the Ngoni celebrate ancestral heritage, while music and dance, including the kalindula rhythm, express a vibrant, shared identity.
Geographical Landscape, Area and Climate
Landlocked in southern Africa, Zambia spans approximately 752,618 km², featuring high plateaus, open savannas, and the dramatic gorges of the Zambezi River. The iconic Victoria Falls, on its border with Zimbabwe, is one of the world’s largest waterfalls. Zambia experiences a tropical climate with a wet season from November to April marked by lush greenery and warm rains and a dry season from May to October, when temperatures remain warm by day and cool at night.
